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Protophormia terraenovae
''Protophormia terraenovae'' is commonly called northern blowfly, blue-bottle fly or blue-assed fly (blue-arsed fly in British English). It is distinguished by its deep blue coloration and large size and is an important species throughout the northern hemisphere. This fly is notable for its economic impact as a myiasis pest of livestock and its antibiotic benefits in maggot therapy. Also of interest is ''P. terraenovae''’s importance in forensic investigations: because of their temperature-dependent development and their prominent presence on corpses, the larvae of this species are useful in minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) determination.
== Taxonomy ==
''Protophormia terraenovae'', of the Calliphoridae family, was named and first described by French entomologist André Jean Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy in his 1830 “Essai sur les myodaires.” Its genus is shared by one other fly, ''Protophormia atriceps''. Both flies are a dark, undusted, metallic blue-green-black. ''P. terraenovae'' is differentiated from ''P. atriceps'' by its flat face, plumose arista, and by up to 2 additional pairs of setae along the margin of the scutellum.〔Whitworth, Terry. "Keys to the Genera and Species of Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of America North of Mexico. ''Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash.'' 108(3). 2006.〕 ''P. terraenovae''’s specific epithet is translated from the Latin as “of the New World.”
The oldest-known specimens of ''P. terraenovae'' pupae were identified by in 1973 within the fossilized skull of a steppe wisent. The bison skull, estimated to date from the late Eemian period, was excavated from the site of a new sluice for the Brussels-Rupel Canal in Zemst, Belgium. The specimens, although approximately 75,000 years old, are identical in form to the pupae of the modern species.〔Gautier, A. & H. Schumann. “Puparia of the subarctic or black blowfly ''Protophormia terraenovae'' (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) in a skull of a late Eemian (?) bison at Zemst, Brabant (Belgium).” ''Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol.'' 14 (1973): 119-125.〕
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